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The Tajik people speak Tajiki, a dialect of Persian. Tajiki is mutually intelligible with modern Farsi (spoken in Iran) and Dari (spoken in Afghanistan).
Besides Tajiki, Russian is still widely used and understood. The republic's third language is Uzbek, spoken by the quarter of the population who are ethnic Uzbek, and also by many Tajiks.
In the Pamirs, there are many tribal groups who have their own languages, also in the Persian language group, but not mutually intelligible with Tajiki. Tajiki and Russian are used as the inter-group languages.
A detailed description of the languages spoken in Tajikistan can be found in the Ethnologue.
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